IPv4 Address Type

Type of  IPv4 Network Address

• what is IPv4 addressing scheme?
• What is Network address?
• Host address?
• What is broadcast address?

Two words about IPv4 address

• The IPv4 address is a 32-bit number 
• It uniquely identifies a network interface on a machine. 
• An IPv4 address is typically written in decimal digits,
• It is formatted as four 8-bit fields that are separated by periods. 
• Each 8-bit field represents a byte of the IPv4 address.

Type of  IPv4 Address:-

Network Address – while talking about the network address the only thing to have  in mind is that 

• It is  The portion of  address which we referred as  network is
• Uses the first address in the network batch,
• The network address is reserved and is not usable by a host
• All hosts in a network batch will have the same network address or say
• All hosts in a network will have the same network bits or network portion/batch 

Broadcast Address – For a given network batch/ portion broadcast address is

·         used to send data to all of the hosts/user on a network

·         Uses the highest (last) address in the network,

·         The broadcast address is reserved and is not usable by a host

·         The bits in host portion are all 1’s

·         Also called a directed broadcast.

Host Address – these are The addresses

•  Assigned to the end devices in the network
•  Each and every device in the network needs a unique ip address,
• The host addresses lie between the network and broadcast address

if we consider a network segment 192.168.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.0

this means 

• Full network mask is like 255.255.255.255, which means no user could be assign
• Netmask 255.255.255.0 means  0 to 255 addresses are available, 
• But very first address i.e "0" and very last address "255" are unusable, these addresses are fixed for network address and broadcast address.
• So addresses  192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 could be assign to user/machine  i.e total  2^8=254  users can be consider into one network. and they are allow to communicate with each other and no other device needed, but if we take 192.168.2.0 , it would be in another network.
• so for network sigment 192.168.1.0 
• 192.168.1.0 ..................................is network address
• 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254...... are host/machine address...only addresses could be assign.
• 192.168.1.255 ..............................broadcast address