Networking in Brief :- Fundamentals & concepts

Networking Fundamentals

Devices connected together in LAN network

Introduction:-

Network never means to having electronic devices which are connected together but this is the way how to convey the information from source to destination either it is locally present or at a distance point. since nowadays the electronic media is strongly being used to convey the data from one place to another, we all have to use a group of devices devices to create a network. In the complete Learning of Networking we will cover topics such as OSI Model, Subnetting, Routing, Routing protocols, CIDR-Supernettting,  IPv4 & IPv6 addressing, , Ethernet technologies, VLAN Networks, Virtual Trunk Protocol (VTP), Network Address Translation (NAT), Firewalls, WAN Technologies Almost Network Protocols, and much more.....

What is networking ?

• Networking is the exchange of information and ideas among peer/people/machine group with a common profession or special interest, to increase the reach-ability.
• Router, switches, wireless access point and modem are the essential & networking basics. Through them, devices connected to  network  and can communicate one with  another either devices or Networks. there all devices perform very different action.
• Networking refers to the total process of creating and using computer networks, integrated with hardware, protocols and software, including wired and wireless

An example of networking is exchanging contact information with people who have interests in similar areas. An example of networking is sharing and acquiring information between different divisions of the same company to share information and solve business problems.

On the basis of there use a network can be classified as :-

 Mostly classified Network types are as:-

•  Local Area Network (LAN) ...
• Campus Area Network (CAN) ...
• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) ...
• Wide Area Network (WAN) ...

But in nature It can also be Named as

• Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
• Personal Area Network (PAN)
• Storage-Area Network (SAN) 
• Enterprise Private Network (EPN)
• Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Local Area Network (LAN)

 LAN is the one of the most common, most original and the simplest types of networks. LAN connect groups of computers and devices together across short distances to share information and resources (within a  office building or group of two or three buildings Closer  to each other) .Normally every kind of Enterprises typically manage and maintain LANs.

Campus Area Network (CAN)

CAN is Larger than LANs, but smaller than metropolitan area networks(MAN), these types of networks are typically seen in universities, large school districts or small businesses. They can be spread across several buildings that are fairly close to each other so users can share information  or resources.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

These types of networks are larger than LANs but smaller than WANs, MANs span an entire geographic area (typically a town or city, but sometimes a campus). Ownership and maintenance is handled by either a single person or company (a local council, a large company, etc.).

"MAN is a network that is utilized across multiple buildings. A MAN is much larger than the standard LAN local area network), but is not as large as a WAN (wide area network). A MAN is commonly used in school campuses and large companies with multiple buildings" .

Wide Area Network (WAN)

WAN is the network of LAN i.e connect two or more then two LAN, Layer 3 devices needed to connect more LAN segment located at different location. Accessing Internet is the simplest  example of a WAN networks, in which connecting all computers together around the world. WAN network make us to communicate or access device located at another country.

"A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographical area for the primary purpose of computer networking. Wide area networks are often established with leased telecommunication circuits."

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

It is like a LAN and WLAN but a wireless network technology, such as WiFi. which is used by almost every person in home network by connecting with his/her pc, tablet, printer, or mobiles, etc.  these types of networks don’t require that devices physically connected through cables.

Personal Area Network (PAN)

The smallest and most basic type of network, a PAN consist of  wireless modem, a computer or two, phones, printers, tablets, etc., almost every thing used within the family or revolves around one person in one building. These networks are typically founded in small offices or residences, and are managed by one person or organization from a single device..

Storage-Area Network (SAN)

As a dedicated high-speed network that connects shared pools of storage devices to several servers, these types of networks don’t lies on a LAN or WAN. Instead, they move storage resources away from the network and place them into their own high-performance network. SANs can be accessed in the same fashion as a drive attached to a server. Types of storage-area networks include converged, virtual and unified SANs.

Enterprise Private Network (EPN)

These types of networks are built and owned by businesses that want to securely connect its various locations to share computer resources.

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Suppose i m out of my office at far location  and urgently need to access device located in my office, so for access the device from my current location which is too far from my office could be possible by VPN only. a point -to- point  tunnel has to be created over internet from my office network to my current network, nowadays it could be done either by software like anydesk, team viewer , ammyy admin etc. or by creating a manual tunnel. like GRE , IPSec etc.

  " It is the way of extending a private network across the Internet, a VPN lets its users send and receive data as if their devices were connected to the private network – even if they’re not". Through a virtual point-to-point connection, users can access a private network remotely.